I read a section in the book "Hacking Exposed 2nd".
They mentioned something about "Ping Sweep" which is a part of tools for finger-printing.
Whatever your intention is, the pingsweep is a very good tool to see which IP address(es) is (are) alive (being used).
Another way is to write a script, based on your subnet masking -- and tries to ping *every* IP address in your calculated subnet.
Another method is -- if you happened 2 be the sys-admin of the DHCP server... )